A system-on-chip (SOC) is an integrated circuit that combines all of the functions of a computer on one microchip. Commonly found in smartphones, wireless routers, tablets and wearable tech, system-on-chips process the increasingly complex computing needs of many small devices.
What are system-on-chips used for?
If you own a handheld electronic device, it's most likely powered by a system-on-chip. Their low power consumption makes them suitable for use in small applications. They may combine digital, analogue, mixed-signal and even radio-frequency functions all on one chip.
Components of system-on-chip
A system-on-chip can include various elements, depending on how it's used. The general breakdown tends to be:
- The CPU – the central processing unit, responsible for inputting decisions.
- The GPU – the graphical processing unit that allows games to be played.
- RAM – random access memory is needed to run apps and other software.
- ROM – read-only memory is necessary for additional storage.
- The modem – the connection needed so you can use 3G and 4G wireless networks.
